Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Thyroid
Response: Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance (Endocrinol Metab 2014;29:536-44, Min Jung Jung et al.): Min Jung Jung, Su Kyoung Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(2):233-234. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.2.233

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Original Articles

Bone Metabolism
Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor during Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Yun Kyung Jeon, Min Jung Bae, Ju In Kim, Joo Hyoung Kim, Soo Jong Choi, Su Kyoung Kwon, Joon Hyop An, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):567-573. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.567

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Background

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone well known for its glucose-lowering effect, was recently reported to exert an anabolic effect on bone. Although the exact mechanism is not known, it likely involves the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is expressed in some osteoblastic cell lines. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have mesenchymal stem cell-specific characteristics, including osteoblastic differentiation potential. We evaluated the expression of GLP-1R during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Methods

ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from three male donors during plastic surgery and were subjected to osteogenic induction. Mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red staining on day 21. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and GLP-1R was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in triplicate for each patient on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Target mRNA expression levels were normalized to that of β-actin.

Results

ADSCs were fibroblast-like in morphology, adhered to plastic, and had multipotent differentiation potential, as assessed using specific antigen markers. The osteogenic markers ALP and OC were notably upregulated at 21 days. Osteogenic differentiation resulted in a time-dependent increase in the expression of GLP-1R (P=0.013).

Conclusion

We demonstrated upregulation of GLP-1R gene expression during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. This finding suggests that GLP-1 may induce osteogenic differentiation in bone tissue.

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Thyroid
Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance: Min Jung Jung, Su Kyoung Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):536-544. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.536

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Background

Incretin-based therapies are rapidly becoming one of the main glycemic control strategies in diabetes. Considering the large numbers of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and possible effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on cell proliferation, the expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in PTC is likely to have clinical significance. We performed this study to evaluate the expression of GLP-1R in PTC and the clinical meaning of GLP-1R expression in PTC.

Methods

Fifty-six cases of PTC, four cases of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), seven cases of nodular hyperplasia and 56 normal thyroid tissue samples were selected for immunostaining for GLP-1R. Clinical parameters were obtained by retrospective review of medical records.

Results

Immunohistochemical staining for GLP-1R showed immunoreactivity in 18 of 56 cases of PTC (32.1%). All four cases of MTC exhibited cytoplasmic GLP-1R expression. Nodular hyperplasia exhibited immunoreactivity in two of seven cases (28.6%). All normal thyroid follicular cells showed negative immunoreactivity. In univariable and multivariable analyses, tumor multifocality was negatively correlated with GLP-1R expression. Extrathyroidal extension showed positive association with GLP-1R expression that was almost significant. Sex, age, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis were not significantly associated with GLP-1R expression.

Conclusion

Some parts of PTC tissues express GLP-1R, and GLP-1R expression in PTC was negatively correlated with tumor multifocality. The long-term influence of pharmacologically increased GLP-1 on thyroid follicular cells and development and progression of tumors originating from thyroid follicular cells should be investigated.

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Response: Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance (Endocrinol Metab2014;29:536-44, Min Jung Jung et al.)
Min Jung Jung, Su Kyoung Kwon
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(2): 233. CrossRef
Letter: Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance (Endocrinol Metab2014;29:536-44, Min Jung Jung et al.)
Daeyoon Park, Eun Kyung Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(2): 231. CrossRef

Meanings of Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Thyroid Tumors.: Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Sik Choi, Yo Han Park, Hee Kyung Jang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):134-141. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.134

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor(VPF), is an angiogenic factor that plays important roles in tumor growth. Angiogenesis studies on VEGF deal with various types of malignant tumors, but little is known about the role or significance of VEGF in human thyroid neoplasms. Therefore, this study was performed to determine whether the VEGF expression in different histological types of thyroid tumors is altered and to see if there was a relationship between the expression of VEGF and either metastasis or the invasiveness of thyroid carcinomas. METHODS: Forty-two cases that underwent thyroidectomy at Kosin Medical Center, between March, 1999 and February, 2000, were included in this study. Of the 42 cases, 27 were malignant(26 papillary carcinoma, 1 Hurthle cell carcinoma) and 15 were benign lesions. The expression of VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded thyroid tissue blocks, and was quantified as negative(absent), +(1~24%), ++(25~49%), +++(50~74%) and ++++(> or =75%), according to the extent of positive cells. RESULTS: VEGF was stained with red-brown colored granules in the cytoplasm of the thyroid tumor epithelium and was expressed in 27 of the 42 cases(+1, ++8, +++5, ++++13). Most malignant tumors(24 of 27 cases) were stained with VEGF, but only 3 of the 15 benign tumors cases were stained(P<0.001). When the VEGF expression was divided into ++ or below and +++ or above groups, the expression of VEGF was much more extensive in the malignant than benign tumors(P<0.001). Of the 27 malignant tumors cases, lymph node metastasis and/or invasion was noted in 13. VEGF expression was more extensive in malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than in those without(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, the rate and extent of VEGF expression were greater in the malignant than the benign thyroid tumors, and also the extent of VEGF expression was the extent of VEGF greater in the malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than those without

Citations

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Seok-Kon Kim, Seung-Goo Park, Kyung-Wook Kim
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2015; 41(1): 11. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland.: Kyung Im Bae, Ki Hun Kim, Sung Yeun Yang, Soon Hee Lee, Su Kyoung Kwon, Soo Jin Jung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(1):84-89. Published online February 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.1.84

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Abstract PDF

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare case to observe and represents less than 1% in all the primary thyroid malignancies. Normally, squamous epithelium is absent in the thyroid gland and presently; its origin is believed to arise from metaplasia of follicular epithelium. Cancer has very aggressive clinical behavior and a very poor prognosis with survival rates of less than 1 year. The best chances of survival have been achieved with complete resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Recently, we came across a case of 80-year-old woman with primary squamous cell cacinoma of the thyroid gland present in the background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient had swelling in the anterior neck portion from the past 20 days. On physical examinaton, 3x3cm2 hard and fixed ill defined mass was detected in the right lobe of thyroid. Repeated fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid revealed the presence of carcinoma. Apparently, Palliative thyroidectomy was performed after 3 months of diagnosis. During operation, the tumor was revealed as a mass of 100mm in diameter and infiltrated the surrounding muscles, trachea and other soft tissue in the neck. After the operation, the patient's condition deteriorated and ultimately after 5 months of her initial visit, she died due to respiratory failure.

Citations

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Meta-Analysis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid
Hyun Seok Shim, Oh Jin Kwon, Joon Seok Ko, Jung Je Park, Jin Pyeong Kim, Chan Ryeul Jeong, Seung Hoon Woo
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(7): 425. CrossRef
A Patient with Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Intermingled with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma that Remains Alive more than 8 Years after Diagnosis
Tae Sik Jung, Young Lyun Oh, Young-Ki Min, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee, Kwang-Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2006; 21(1): 73. CrossRef

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